When you think of German driving, you probably conjure up images of cars whizzing by at high speed on the German Autobahn with no speed limits or other restrictions. That was the “good old days”. Now, increasingly, in the wake of the Volkswagen diesel crisis, driving in Germany is subject to limitations. Starting in January…

In June 2018, Volkswagen AG (VW) accepted the payment of a fine in Germany in the amount of EUR 1 billion (US$1.2 billion) for its involvement in the diesel scandal. While sounding like a lot of money by almost anyone’s standards, the German fine is far less than that imposed in the United States. Some…

Investigation In the wake of the Volkswagen (VW) diesel scandal, the European Parliament conducted a comprehensive review. In 2016, following investigations and hearings, the Parliament issued a report entitled ‘Report on the Inquiry into Emissions Measurements in the Automotive Sector’. In the report, the Parliament outlined different areas of responsibility and failures that led to…